Atropine

mechanism of action:-
It is antimuscarinic( anti cholinergic ) that works by inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system by bloking action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors (it is competitive reversible antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors) . casual items to wear of the wedding for the second time
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indications :-
1- aid to anaesthesia
premedicant and to counteract the muscarinic effects of anti cholinesterase like neostigmine and other parasympathomimtic ? used as muscle relaxants during surgery
2- to ? saliva production during surgery
3-anti spasmodic in gastrointestinal disorders & ? gastric and intestinal secretions
4-adjunct to opioid analgesic for the symptomatic
5- to treat or prevent bronchospsm
6- to treatment certain types bradycardia (sinus bradycardia)
7-used topically as mydriatic and cycloplegic in ophthalmology
8- used to treat certain types of poisoning caused by organophosphates ,nerve gases or muscarine
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adverse effects:-
? dry mouth ? dry skin
? ? saliva ? ? sweating
? fever ? Insomnia
? constipation ? urinary retention
? blurred vision ? dilated pupils
? photo phobia ? cardic arrhythmia
? tachycardia ? confusion
? hallucination ? excitation
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precautions:-
? myasthenia gravis ? hyperthyroidism
? enlarged prostate ? liver diseases
? glaucoma ? bladder outlet obstruction
? hypertension ? paralytic ileus or pyloric stenosis
? tachycardia ? ulcerative colitis
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available injections :-
0.05 mg/ml
0.1 mg/ml
0.4 mg/ml
0.6 mg/ml
0.8 mg/ml
1 mg/ml